寫 作
基本達(dá)標(biāo)要求
內(nèi)容要緊扣主題，涵蓋提綱的要點(diǎn)。
作文結(jié)構(gòu)完整合理，符合寫作的要求。
語言表達(dá)要流暢，無重大語病，無明顯語法錯(cuò)誤。
適度恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂眠^渡性詞語。
字?jǐn)?shù)要達(dá)標(biāo)。
書寫工整，卷面整潔。
寫作步驟
審題，抓點(diǎn)
造句，成文
改錯(cuò)，譽(yù)寫
寫作類型
• 對立觀點(diǎn)型
– 首段闡述第一種觀點(diǎn)；擴(kuò)展段闡述對立的第二種觀點(diǎn)；結(jié)尾段表明自己的觀點(diǎn)
• 問題解決型
– 第一段提出/ 引出問題(社會問題或個(gè)人問題)；第二段列舉解決問題的方法；第三段總結(jié)/表明自己的觀點(diǎn)
• 觀點(diǎn)論證型
– 第一段要表明觀點(diǎn)，從論題入手；第二段要論證觀點(diǎn)的正確性；第三段得出結(jié)論或表明個(gè)人的看法或做法
• 現(xiàn)象解釋型
– 第一段描述現(xiàn)象存在的合理性和客觀性；第二段闡述現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)的原因；第三段表明觀點(diǎn)或消除這種現(xiàn)象的方法
• 圖表作文
– 第一段從圖表分析入手，以圖表數(shù)字做舉例或?qū)Ρ日f明,描述數(shù)字的變化；第二段分析圖表出現(xiàn)變化的原因；第三段談自身的看法,或解決問題的方法或該現(xiàn)象對社會生活的影響
• 應(yīng)用文
– 應(yīng)用文的寫作要符合特定的要求， 必須從語言上有所體現(xiàn)；注意書信的稱呼語；注意書信結(jié)尾 的必要客套話。
遣詞造句
• Let’s discuss the details of the party.
• Let’s have a discussion about the details of the party.
• We divide the profits among us.
• We make a division of the profits among us.
• I doubt what he has told me.
• I feel doubtful about what he has told me.
• The Internet has a heavy influence on the youth.
• The Internet influences on the youth heavily.
• Traveling makes us not only relax ,but also acquire a lot of knowledge.
• Traveling not only provides us relaxation ,but also a lot of knowledge.
嘗試改寫下面句子，使語言更加精彩、簡潔。
• Living comfortably is not essential for one’s life.
• Living comfortably is nonessential for one’s life.
• I was not sure whether I would succeed at that time.
• I was unsure whether I would succeed at that time.
• Oxygen is a gas, which is not visible.
• Oxygen is an invisible gas.
• We can not avoid failure in our life.
• Failure is inevitable in our life.
• This meeting is held twice a year.
• This is a biannual meeting.
• Reading books is an important part of our life. We can learn much from books. Our life becomes more colorful because of books. Besides, reading books can make us enjoy ourselves. I believe if we often read, we will become more and more intelligent.
• Reading
• The party was held in such an interesting way.
• The party was held in such an interesting way that everyone enjoyed it very much.
• We are going to call on Mr. Wang, and he is our Chinese teacher.
• We are going to call on Mr. Wang who is our Chinese teacher.
• The main reason he was absent was because he was ill.
• The main reason he was absent was that he was ill.
• He arrive the airport at 10pm yesterday.
• He arrived the airport at 10pm yesterday.
• I was doing some washing in the kitchen last night, I suddenly found my son was standing behind me.
• When I was doing some washing in the kitchen last night ,I suddenly found my son was standing behind me.
• If you want to learn English very well, you’d better try to think in it and speak it as much as possible.
• If you want to learn English very well , you’d better try to think in it and to speak it as much as possible.
• He is not only a good actor but also he is a famous director.
• He is not only a good actor but also a famous director.
• The point I am trying to make is that practice makes perfect.
• I believe that practice makes perfect.
• I am writing to call your attention to the fact that ⋯
• I am writing to remind you that ⋯
• He has achieved success, I believe.
• He has, I believe, achieved success.
• A wide, clear river flows through the village.
• Through the village flows a wide, clear river.
• Everybody wants to be happy. We cannot live a life without happiness. If you wish to know how to get happiness, you must pay attention to the following two points. Firstly, you must keep healthy. You cannot be happy, when you are sick. Secondly, you should learn to be easily satisfied, or you will always in distress, and you cannot become happy.
• There is no doubt that happiness is the most precious thing in the world. Without it, life will be empty and meaningless. Happiness can only be obtained, when attentions are paid to the following two points. Firstly, health is the key to happiness. Only a strong man can enjoy the pleasure of life. Secondly, happiness consists in contentment. A man who is dissatisfied with his present condition is always in distress.
• 段落
– 主旨句
– 擴(kuò)展句
– 結(jié)論句
• 文章的構(gòu)成
– 標(biāo)題
– 首段
– 主題段
– 結(jié)尾段
高分作文的秘訣
• 清晰的結(jié)構(gòu)
• 精彩的詞和詞組的運(yùn)用
• 多樣的句型
• 適當(dāng)?shù)?/SPAN>“佐料”
Practice:
時(shí)下，各類電視節(jié)目廣泛使用短信參與方式，對此人們評價(jià)不一。請你對此現(xiàn)象談?wù)剛�(gè)人看法：
要求:1．詞數(shù)：120詞左右。
2．可根據(jù)內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫.
列出要點(diǎn)
提供機(jī)會 offer /provide chances
帶來收益 bring in profits / benefit from
迎合追求 meet/appeal to the needs of
保證品位 ensure the taste
產(chǎn)生反感 feel bad / bored / annoyed
浪費(fèi)精力 waste time and energy
你的觀點(diǎn) as far as I am concerned…
• offer chances
– Audiences are offered more chances to participate in the live programs.
• bring in profits / benefit from
– They bring in profits to the mass media.
• appeal to the needs of
– They appeal to the needs of the young people.
• ensure the taste
– We cannot ensure the taste of the programs if short messages are out of control.
• feel bad / bored / annoyed
– They cost a lot and make the audiences feel bored.
• waste time and energy
– It will be a waste of time and energy if the young are addicted to them.
• as far as I am concerned…
– As far as I am concerned, the short message is typical of information technology, but it is a powerful tool that needs to be used with care．
• Defenders hold the view that short messages offer the audiences more chances to participate in the live programs．The mass media benefit a lot from them.They appeal to the need of the young people．
• Defenders hold the view that short messages offer the audiences more chances to participate in the live programs．In this way, the mass media benefit a lot from them．On the other hand, they appeal to the need of the young people．
Try to improve the passage below.
• Critics accuse that if the short messages are out of control, we cannot ensure the taste of the programs. The expenses may make audiences feel bad．Some teenagers are addicted to them and too much time and energy are wasted．
• Critics accuse that if the short messages are out of control, we cannot ensure the taste of the programs. What’s more, the expenses may make audiences feel bad．To make matters worse, some teenagers are so addicted to them that too much time and energy are wasted．
At present, short messages are widely involved in various TV programs. People react to them in different ways．
Defenders hold the view that short messages offer the audiences more chances to participate in the live programs．In this way, the mass media benefit a lot from them．On the other hand, they appeal to the need of the young people．
Critics accuse that if the short messages are out of control, we cannot ensure the taste of the programs. What’s more, the expenses may make audiences feel bad．To make matters worse, some teenagers are so addicted to them that too much time and energy are wasted．
As far as I am concerned, the short message is typical of information technology, but it is a powerful tool that needs to be used with care．
The Importance of Confidence
Whatever one does, one should do it with confidence. If one has no confidence, there is little possibility that one would ever achieve anything, especially when one is faced with drawbacks or hardships. This truth seems to be self-evident.
However, in reality we do see a lot of people who complain that they lack the ability to do something or that their difficulties are too great to overcome.
For some, this might be true. But for many, this only shows that they have lost heart.
Why do people often feel frustrated even though they are quite capable of doing something? There are, among others, two main reasons. First, these people do not have a correct estimate of themselves. Second, they overestimate the difficulties.
It is possible to build up faith in oneself by having the right attitude towards one's own abilities. We should never underestimate our abilities but should believe in the proverb: “There is a will, there is a way.” Confidence is the guarantee of fulfilling a task successfully.
模仿：Diligence
Whatever one does, one should do it with confidence. If one has no confidence, there is little possibility that one would ever achieve anything, especially when one is faced with drawbacks or hardships. This truth seems to be self-evident.
Whatever one does, one should do it with diligence. If one is not diligent, there is little possibility that one would ever achieve anything, especially when one is dealing with a tough job. This truth seems to be self-evident.
However, in reality we do see a lot of people who complain that they lack the ability to do something or that their difficulties are too great to overcome. For some, this might be true. But for many, this only shows that they have lost heart.
However, in reality we do see quite a few people who while away a lot of time chatting, drinking, or watching television, and always leave today’s work to be done tomorrow. Some of them may make an excuse for what they have done, but there’s no room for any excuse for laziness.